Before starting any civil engineering work, regardless of branches, horizontal, vertical, and angular measurements of the project (plan or map) is required. Surveying is used in…
The data measurements gathered from surveying helps establish the plan and design of all civil engineering projects such as tunneling, irrigation, dams, reservoirs, waterworks,
The formation of cracks on the concrete surface may lead to reduce the durability of the concrete. The crack may form in a short period, or…
We knew that pipes are used to transport gas or liquid substance from one place to another place. Different types of pipes such as steel pipe,…
There are many more building materials which missed in this table. However, we have listed the most used construction materials. Building Construction Materials List SI Material…
Plum concrete is a normal concrete mix with large size stones of up to 300mm as inert fillers. Aggregates above 160mm are known as plums. The…
The aggregates are graded as fine and coarse aggregate based on the grain size. When the aggregate size is greater than 4.75mm is called coarse aggregate,…
Different types of foundations will be selected based on the soil density, bearing capacity to make the structure strong and durable. However, a small amount of…
Surveying is an essential preliminary step for any construction work. The whole site plan determines the structure of a building or a site. We have numerous…
