A structure built up by various components, and those all are designed to stabilize the structure.
As you know, the load transfer process as slab > Beam > Column > Foundation. In all these areas, we use the same type of rods for the entire structure. It only differs from its orientation.
What is Beam? – A horizontal member of the structure that transfers the bending load is called a “Beam.” According to the requirement, there are different types of beams used in construction.
What is Column? – A vertical member of the structure that transfers the compression load is called “Column.”
The column and beam both are transferring the stress to the foundation but only differ in orientation.
Take an example,
The column and beam both are transferring the stress to the foundation but there is a difference between beam and column by the way of the load transfer.
Spec | Beam | Column |
Load Transferring | A Beam transferring the load perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. | A Column transferring the load parallel to the longitudinal axis. |
Way of Load Resistance | Basically, Beam resists the transverse load of the structure. | Columns are resisting the compression load of the structure. |
Shape | Beam Shape can be square, rectangular, T /I shape. | Column Shape can be square, rectangular, Circular, and T /L shape. |
Steel Consumption | Minimum and maximum steel usage of a beam is 0.25% to 2.5% respectively. | Minimum and maximum steel usage of a column is 0.8% to 5% respectively. |
Support | Beams are supported by the column at both ends or one end. | Columns are directly built from the foundation. |
Classification | The Beam is classified based on its support. | Columns are classified as short columns and long columns based on the Slenderness Ratio. |
Failure | As above said the beam has received transverse load and it should not fail suddenly. The failure of the beam will show symptoms like crack or deflection. | The failure of a column will not show any symptoms and it happens suddenly without any warning. The column failure will make fatal damages. |
A lintel is a horizontal member resting on the door or window opening to support the portion of the structure above it.
Besides, the function of a lintel is the same as a beam; it transfers the structure load to its supports.
Happy Learning 🙂
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