Surveying is the art and science of civil engineering that determines the relative (comparable) position of points on, above or beneath the surface of the Earth by measuring the horizontal and vertical distances, angles, elevations and taking the details of these points and by preparing a map or plan to any suitable scale.
For Instance, If we are talking about our position in a hill station, we say we are at 3000 feet above mean sea level (vertical distance). When talking about our position in a city, we refer to some landmarks near us (Horizontal distance).
Likewise, surveying identifies the position of points on or below the Earth’s surface by referring to known points, such as benchmarks.
According to the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (ACSM), Surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the two-dimensional or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them on or below the Earth’s surface.
Surveying has three functions:
Any Civil Engineering Project starts with surveying measurements or techniques to determine the boundaries between properties (land), the location of existing infrastructure, and the topography and slopes of a land.
Surveying is an important technical discipline of Civil Engineering. The data gathered from surveying helps to establish boundaries of properties and routes of major engineering and infrastructure work such as roads, bridges, railways, irrigation canals, reservoirs, etc. Refer Importance of Surveying
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